OET yani “Occupational English Test’’, sağlık personellerinin hekimlerin ve tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin tıbbi terminoloji dil iletişim becerilerini değerlendiren uluslararası bir İngilizce yeterlilik testidir. OET sınavı özellikle doktorlar için tasarlanmıştır. ECFMG “United States Medical Licensing Examination” yani (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Tıbbi Lisanslama Sınavı), bir adayın ABD’de tıp pratiği yapmak için gereken minimum İngilizce becerilerini karşılayıp karşılamadığını belirlemek için bu testi seçmiştir.
OET testi dört bölümden oluşmaktadır: dinleme, yazma, okuma ve konuşma.
READİNG
Aşağıda yer alan OET reading metnini okuyarak test sorularını yanıtlayınız.
Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, accounting for approximately 11.4%of all cancer cases. It is a type of cancer that begins in the lungs and can quickly spread to other parts of the body, making it difficult to treat.
The primary cause of lung cancer is smoking, which is responsible for approximately 80% of all lung cancer cases. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer due to exposure to air pollution, second-hand smoke, and other environmental factors.
There are two main types of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer
(SCLC). NSCLC is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all cases.
SCLC, on the other hand, is a less common but more aggressive form of lung cancer that tends to spread
quickly.
The symptoms of lung cancer can vary depending on the stage and type of cancer. Some common symptoms include a persistent cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, and coughing up blood. However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is important to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
Diagnosis of lung cancer typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, and PET scans, as well as a biopsy to examine a sample of lung tissue. Once a diagnosis is made, treatment options will depend on the stage and type of cancer.
Surgery is often the preferred treatment for early-stage lung cancer. This involves removing the tumor and any surrounding tissue that may be affected. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used to treat lung cancer, either alone or in combination with surgery.
In advanced cases of lung cancer, targeted therapy and immunotherapy may be used to help slow the growth of cancer cells and extend survival. Targeted therapy involves the use of drugs that target specific molecules in cancer cells, while immunotherapy works by stimulating the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells.
Prevention of lung cancer is key, and the most effective way to prevent lung cancer is to avoid smoking or to quit smoking if you are already a smoker. It is also important to avoid exposure to second-hand smoke and other environmental pollutants, such as radon and asbestos.
In addition, regular exercise and a healthy diet may help reduce the risk of lung cancer, as well as other types of cancer and chronic diseases. Early detection is also important, and individuals who are at high risk for lung cancer, such as smokers or former smokers, should consider regular screenings with low-dose CT scans.
In conclusion, lung cancer is a serious and often deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide.
While smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, other environmental factors can also contribute to its
development. Early detection and treatment are essential for improving survival rates, and prevention
measures such as avoiding smoking and exposure to pollutants can help reduce the risk of developing lung cancer. By raising awareness about lung cancer and promoting healthy lifestyle choices, we can work towards reducing the global burden of this devastating disease.
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