{"id":11025,"date":"2020-02-13T16:32:56","date_gmt":"2020-02-13T13:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/?p=11025"},"modified":"2020-02-13T16:32:56","modified_gmt":"2020-02-13T13:32:56","slug":"ingilizcenin-etkilendigi-diller","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/ingilizcenin-etkilendigi-diller\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ngilizcenin Etkilendi\u011fi Diller"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ya\u015fayan her dil zaman i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fir ve geli\u015fir. \u00dclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ticaretler, sava\u015flar, uluslararas\u0131 turizm faaliyetleri ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde internet bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenlerinden sadece birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dahil bir\u00e7ok dile etki eden dillerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen \u0130ngilizce de ba\u015fta Avrupa dilleri olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkeden etkilenmi\u015f, hatta bu de\u011fi\u015fim ve etkile\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ngilzceye Frans\u0131zcan\u0131n Etkisi<\/h2>\n

\u0130ngilizceyi derinden etkileyen dillerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Frans\u0131zca gelir ve bunun sebebi \u00e7ok eskilere dayanmaktad\u0131r. 1066 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Normandiya b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Normanlar ile \u0130ngiltere\u2019 nin son Anglo – Sakson kral\u0131 II. Harold aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en ve Normanlar\u0131n zaferi ile sonu\u00e7lanan sava\u015f\u0131n sonucunda \u0130ngiltere ad\u0131na \u00e7ok \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu ma\u011flubiyetten sonra \u0130ngiltere\u2019 de y\u00f6netim \u015fekli dahil k\u00fclt\u00fcr, dil ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019 nin toplumsal yap\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Toprak sahiplerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi, y\u00f6netimin ve ruhban s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Normanlardan olu\u015fmas\u0131 ve yeni aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n Frans\u0131zca konu\u015fmas\u0131, ilk ba\u015fta hukuk ve y\u00f6netim dilinin de\u011fi\u015fimesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrk\u00e7e prens anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018prince\u2019, ticaret anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018commerce\u2019, adalet anlam\u0131na gelen \u2018justice\u2019 gibi birebir ge\u00e7en kelimelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra h\u00fck\u00fcmet, devlet anlam\u0131ndaki\u00a0 Government Frans\u0131zca Gouvernement, parlamento anlam\u0131ndaki Parliament Frans\u0131zca Parlement, liberalizm anlam\u0131ndaki Liberalism Frans\u0131zca Liberalisme, Milliyet\u00e7ilik anlam\u0131ndaki Nationalism Frans\u0131zca Nationalisme, Asilzade, d\u00fck anlam\u0131ndaki Duke Frans\u0131zca Duc gibi benzer kelimeler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda sava\u015f\u00a0 d\u00f6nemleri de dillerin etkile\u015fiminde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir etkendir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e z\u0131rh anlam\u0131ndaki Armour Frans\u0131zca Armure, n\u00f6bet\u00e7i anlam\u0131ndaki Guard Frans\u0131zca Garde, kamuflaj anlam\u0131ndaki Camouflage Frans\u0131zca Camoufler, helikopter anlam\u0131ndaki Helicopter Frans\u0131zca Helicoptere gibi kelimeler bu d\u00f6nemlerin sonunda diller aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fimi ile \u00e7ocuklara verilen isimlerde de Robert, William ve Richard gibi Frans\u0131z isimlerin art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesi, konu\u015fma dilinde de benzer kelimelerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta kullan\u0131lan \u0130ngilizce pek \u00e7ok kelimenin k\u00f6keni de Frans\u0131zcadan gelmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; sinema – cinema, konyak – cognac, randevu – rendezvous (fr; rendez- vous), s\u0131\u011f\u0131r eti – beef (boeuf), \u015f\u0131k – chic, \u015fampanya – champagne (champahne). Bunlardan\u00a0 kruvasan, deja – vu, baget gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin bizim dilimizde de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekteyiz.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130ngilizceye Latincenin Etkisi<\/h2>\n

\u0130ngilizceyi Frans\u0131zca kadar fazla etkileyen bir di\u011fer dil ise Latincedir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok konu\u015fulan, en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan diline % 29 oran\u0131nda etki etmi\u015f bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck dilin haricinde, ingilizceyi en \u00e7ok etkileyen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck dil ailesi ise % 26\u2019 l\u0131k oranla \u0130skandinav ve Cermen dilleridir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile olan ticari ve askeri ili\u015fkileri, \u0130ngiltere\u2019 nin Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015fi ve Papa\u2019 n\u0131n etkisi ile kurulan dini ve entelekt\u00fcel temaslar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u0130ngilizce dilbilgisi i\u00e7in Latince\u2019nin model al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u0130ngiliz dilinin geli\u015fmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Shakespeare gibi yazarlar\u0131n \u015fiir ve oyunlar\u0131nda Latince kelimeler kullanmas\u0131 sayesinde d\u00f6nemin \u0130ngilteresinde bu s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130ngilizcesi daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde Latin leh\u00e7esinden evrimle\u015fen \u0130spanyolca\u2019 dan da etkilenmi\u015ftir. \u0130spanyol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019 nun geni\u015flemesi, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda kurulan ticari ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkiler, sava\u015flar, g\u00f6\u00e7lerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu etkile\u015fim, dilin zenginle\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bir yemek \u00e7e\u015fidi olan Taco, ekmek t\u00fcr\u00fc olan Tortilla, \u00f6\u011fle uykusu anlam\u0131ndaki Siesta, sivrisinek anlam\u0131ndaki Mosquito gibi birebir ge\u00e7en kelimeler yan\u0131nda gerilla anlam\u0131ndaki Guerrilla gibi \u00e7ok benzer kelimeler de olduk\u00e7a yo\u011fun bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130ngilizceye Almancan\u0131n Etkisi<\/h2>\n

\u0130ngilizce de, Almanca da Bat\u0131 Cermen dil ailesine dahildir. Ayr\u0131ca 1. ve 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Almanya ve \u0130ngiltere aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fim, edebiyat, sanat bilhassa klasik m\u00fczi\u011fin geli\u015fiminde iki \u00fclke sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n potansiyeli, ayr\u0131ca bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, spor, teknoloji ve turizm iki \u00fclkenin dilleri aras\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok kelime ge\u00e7i\u015fine sebep olmu\u015ftur. Hamburger, dramaturg, \u00e7ocuk yuvas\u0131 anlam\u0131ndaki kindergarten, zaman\u0131n ruhu anlam\u0131ndaki zeitgeist, zeplin anlam\u0131ndaki zeppelin, festival anlam\u0131ndaki fest, \u015finitzel anlam\u0131ndaki Schnitzel gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck konu\u015fmadan bir\u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck bu iki dil aras\u0131ndaki etkile\u015fime \u00f6rnektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130ngilizce dilini etkileyen yabanc\u0131 dil k\u00f6kenli di\u011fer s\u00f6zc\u00fckler yine genellikle bilimsel ve t\u0131bbi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla dile giren terimler, din, sava\u015flar, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeler, sanat, turizm ya da ticaret yoluyla ge\u00e7mi\u015f s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerdir. Mesela \u0130talyanca\u2019 dan gondol -gondola, \u00e7ubuk makarna \u2013 spaghetti, kapu\u00e7ino \u2013 cappuccino, st\u00fcdyo – studio, makarna – pasta, kumarhane – casino ya da pizza, tempo gibi birebir ge\u00e7en veya \u00e7ok az de\u011fi\u015fimle \u015femsiye – umbrella \u0130talyanca ombrello, keman – violin \u0130talyanca violino, balkon – balcony \u0130talyanca balcone gibi kelimeleri sayabiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0130ngilizceye ge\u00e7mi\u015f di\u011fer dillere ait kelimelere \u00f6rnekler vermek gerekirse ;<\/span><\/p>\n

Japonca\u2019dan \u0130ngilizceye ge\u00e7en; Karaoke, Karate, Tsunami<\/span><\/p>\n

Fars\u00e7adan; Kahve (Coffee), S\u0131f\u0131r (Zero), Koltuk (Sofa) Limon (Lemon)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7adan; Kozmonot ( Cosmonaut) , Votka (Vodka),\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7inceden; Kung Fu, Soya Peyniri, Tofu (Doufu)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Son olarak T\u00fcrk\u00e7eden \u0130ngilizceye ge\u00e7mi\u015f kelimelerden bahsederek yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bitirelim. Bunlar \u00f6zellikle yiyecek isimleri ya da yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait baz\u0131 kelimelerdir. Bayram \u2013 bairam,<\/span><\/p>\n

yo\u011furt \u2013 yoghurt, yeni\u00e7eri \u2013 janizary, ayran \u2013 airan, efendi – effendi, \u015ferbet \u2013 sherbet kelimeleri fazla de\u011fi\u015fmeden ingilizceye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Kebap ve baklava gibi kelimeler ise de\u011fi\u015fmeden, birebir ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131lar da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir:<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce Sanat Dallar\u0131 ile \u0130lgili Terimler<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ya\u015fayan her dil zaman i\u00e7erisinde de\u011fi\u015fir ve geli\u015fir. \u00dclkeler aras\u0131ndaki ticaretler, sava\u015flar, uluslararas\u0131 turizm faaliyetleri ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde internet bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenlerinden sadece birka\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e dahil bir\u00e7ok dile etki<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11025","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11025"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11025\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11025"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11025"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11025"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}