Maria Sklodowska, known as Marie Curie, was born on 7 November 1867, in Warsaw, as the child of educator parents. Originally being Polish, Marie became a French citizen later in the following years.\u00a0 She\u2019s known for her studies on the domains of chemistry, physics and especially radioactivity. She\u2019s the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and besides that, she\u2019s the first woman and person to win that price twice. On the other hand, she also has the title of being the first woman professor at Paris University. In 1995, Curie was entombed in Pantheon, Paris where the graves of important French intellectuals are found.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n As a result of her scientific studies and experiments with uranium, she found the radioactivity of thorium and could achieve resolve the radium. Regarding these achievements, she was awarded the Nobel Physics and Chemistry Awards in 1903 and 1911. She\u2019s also seen as the founder of radiology science.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Though later on her life she became a French citizen, she never forgot her Polis origins. She taught her daughter Polish and took them on regular trips there. She even named the first chemical element she discovered as polonium after her origin country.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Her father was a mathematics and physics teacher while her mother was the manager of a boarded girl\u2019s school. She had 3 sisters named Sophia, Hela and Bronia and a brother named Joseph. Her sisters Sophia and Bronia got typhus in 1875 and Sophia died 1 year later while Bronia got healed. After this sadness they went through, their mother died of tuberculosis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Warsaw, where Marie passed her early life, was under Russian occupation then and was controlled by Russian tzar Alexandr II. Those years under the Russian occupation were the years of oppression for Polish. Having lost most of their properties during the rebellion for the independence of Poland, known also as the January Rebellion, Sklodowska\u2019s family was having financial problems. All these problems and hard days made Marie think about having a scientific career later even though she was just a child then. Her sister Bronia wanted to study medicine then but because of the education system in the country, it was impossible for women to study at university or choose a technical department then. The only way to do that was to go abroad. Marie worked with her sister and saved money to go abroad. Bronia started her studies of medicine at Sorbonne University in 1885.<\/span><\/p>\n Marie\u2019s professional educational life started at age 19 when she was sent to the boarded school, J. Sikorsika. Then she kept studying in a high school only for girls and she was graduated in June 1883. Thanks to her good effort and achievements, she was rewarded with a gold medal there. After graduation, she passed one year in the countryside of Poland and then she went to Warsaw to live with her father and started tutoring there.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Bronia, who then was graduated from medical faculty, encouraged her sister to follow her studies and Curie went to Paris. Later on, she started to study physics, chemistry, and mathematics at Paris University. Marie was studying so hard that sometimes she used to forget to eat. At that time, there were 776 students at the faculty and only 27 of them were women. Marie attended the classes of professors like Edmond Bouty, Gabriel Lippman, Paul Painleve and Paul Appel during her study life.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n In 1893, she got her physics license. She had a chance to keep studying in Paris with a scholarship she gained. In 1894, she also got her mathematics license and she was unable to decide to be back in Poland.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie Curie started to work at Gabriel Lippman\u2019s physics research lab at the beginning of 1894. She worked there under hard conditions. In the same year, she met Pierre Currie thanks to a Polis scientist. He was the president of the lab of Industrial Chemistry and Physics School then.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n After the excitement led by the discovery of the X rays by Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen, Marie got her mathematics license in 1896 and she started to study on the rays spread by the uranium.<\/span><\/p>\n While keeping her work, Curie realized that thorium also spreads the same rays.\u00a0 In 1898, she and her husband announced that they discovered polonium. In September of the same year, they also discovered radium.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n In 1904, Marie completed her doctorate and became the first woman to earn this title in France. She won the Nobel Physics Prize the same year. She worked as a professor in Sorbonne after losing her husband in 1906. She was the first woman professor to teach there. In 1911, she also won the Nobel Chemistry Prize.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n After all the researches, her membership application to the French National Science Academy was rejected. She was charged as the first manager to the Radium Institute founded in Paris University in 1914. She invented the moveable x-ray device and she taught X-ray studies to young women. She also taught how to use radiology tools during the war to physical therapists.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n She contributed to the science till 1920. She took a pioneering role for the foundation of the Warsaw Radium Institute and she bought some radium for this lab with the 50.000 dollars award she was given.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Curie, who settled to Paris after getting married to Pierre Curie in 1894, had two daughters. She had to take a pause as a result of the birth of their first daughter in 1897. When Pierre started to work as a professor in Sorbonne in 1904, Marie became the physics teacher in a girl\u2019s school in Sevr. They had another daughter then.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n They were having the effects of radiation then, handling different health problems. In April of 1906, Pierre Curie died out of a horse accident.<\/span><\/p>\n In the following years, Marie\u2019s name has interfered with some gossips with Paul Langevin, Pierre\u2019s old friend, and a married man. This was shocking news for the time and all the newspapers were talking about that. It even overshadowed Marie\u2019s second Nobel.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie Curie died of leukemia in 1933. She was living in France, Savoy when she died. She was buried at the family grave in Sceaux after her death but later on, her grave was moved to Pantheon, with her husband\u2019s.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 Maria Sklodowska olan Marie Curie, 7 Kas\u0131m 1867\u2019de, e\u011fitimci bir ailenin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak, Var\u015fova\u2019da do\u011fdu. Aslen Polonyal\u0131 olan Marie Curie, y\u0131llar sonra Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu. Kimya, fizik ve \u00f6zellikle radyo aktivite alan\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tan\u0131nan Marie Curie, Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanan ilk kad\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, bu \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc iki kez kazanan ilk ki\u015fi ve tek kad\u0131n olmas\u0131yla da bilinir. Bunun yan\u0131nda, Curie Paris \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapan ilk kad\u0131n olma \u00fcnvan\u0131na da sahiptir. Curie, 1995\u2019te, Paris\u2019te \u00f6nemli Frans\u0131z entellekt\u00fcellerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir an\u0131t mezar olan Pantheon\u2019a g\u00f6m\u00fclen ilk kad\u0131n olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie Curie, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ve uranyumla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 deneyler sonucunda, toryumun radyoaktif \u00f6zelli\u011fini buldu ve radyum elementini ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla 1903 Nobel Fizik ve 1911 Nobel Kimya \u00f6d\u00fcllerine lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Curie, ayr\u0131ca radyoloji biliminin kurucusudur.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Hayat\u0131n\u0131n ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerinde, Frans\u0131z vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, Curie asla Polonya k\u00f6kenlerini unutmad\u0131. K\u0131zlar\u0131na Leh\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretti ve onlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak Polonya ziyaretlerine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hatta ke\u015ffetti\u011fi ilk kimyasal elemente, ana vatan\u0131ndan esinlenerek, polonyum ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Babas\u0131 matematik ve fizik \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Curie\u2019nin annesi ise yat\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131z yurdunun m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131yordu. Sofia, Hela ve Bronya adl\u0131 3 k\u0131z karde\u015fi ve Joseph ad\u0131nda bir erkek karde\u015fi olan Curie\u2019nin ablalar\u0131 Sofia ve Bronya 1875 y\u0131l\u0131nda tif\u00fcse yakaland\u0131. Bir y\u0131l sonra, Sofia hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, Bronya ise iyile\u015fti. Bu \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan iki y\u0131l sonra, Marie\u2019nin annesi verem nedeniyle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie\u2019nin gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi Var\u015fova, o d\u00f6nemde Rus y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve Rus \u00c7ar\u0131, II. Aleksandr taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Rus i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7en bu y\u0131llar, Polonyal\u0131lar i\u00e7in bask\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u0131llard\u0131. Ocak \u0130syan\u0131 olarak da bilinen, Polonya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadele s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan ulusal isyanlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, hem anne hem de baba taraf\u0131ndan sahip olduklar\u0131 mal varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Sklodowska ailesi, ayr\u0131ca finansal problemler de ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar ve zorluklar, Marie\u2019nin akl\u0131na, daha \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta bilimsel bir kariyer yapma fikrinin koymu\u015ftu. K\u0131z karde\u015fi Bronya t\u0131p okumak istiyordu, lakin \u00fclkedeki e\u011fitim sistemi nedeniyle, o d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fcniversiteye gitmesi ya da teknik e\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. Bunu yapmalar\u0131n\u0131n tek yolu, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131yd\u0131. Marie, karde\u015fiyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na gitmek i\u00e7in para biriktirdi. Bronya, 1885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sorbonne \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde t\u0131p e\u011fitimine ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Maria\u2019n\u0131n profesyonel e\u011fitim hayat\u0131, 10 ya\u015f\u0131nda J. Sikorsika yat\u0131l\u0131 okuluna gitmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan bir k\u0131z lisesinde e\u011fitimine devam etti ve buradan 1883 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda mezun oldu. Lisede g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131 sayesinde, alt\u0131n madalyayla \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmi\u015fti. Mezun olduktan sonra bir y\u0131l boyunca, Polonya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan, babas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan akrabalar\u0131yla kald\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Var\u015fova\u2019ya, babas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na burada \u00f6zel dersler vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n T\u0131p fak\u00fcltesini bitiren Bronya, k\u0131z karde\u015fini de e\u011fitimine devam etmesi i\u00e7in te\u015fvik etti ve Curie, karde\u015finin yan\u0131na Paris\u2019e gelerek, Paris \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde fizik, kimya ve matematik e\u011fitimine ba\u015flad\u0131. Marie o kadar \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu ki, bazen yemek yemeyi bile unutuyordu. Bu d\u00f6nemde 776 \u00f6\u011frencisi bulunan fak\u00fcltenin, yaln\u0131zca 27 \u00f6\u011frencisi kad\u0131nd\u0131. Marie, \u00fcniversite hayat\u0131 boyunca, Edmond Bouty,\u00a0 Gabriel Lippman Paul Painleve ve Pau Appel gibi e\u011fitimcilerden ders ald\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda, fizik diplomas\u0131na kavu\u015ftu. Yaz\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bursla, Paris\u2019teki e\u011fitim hayat\u0131na devam etme f\u0131rsat yakalad\u0131. 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda, matematik diplomas\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131. Art\u0131k Polonya\u2019ya d\u00f6n\u00fcp d\u00f6nmemek konusunda karars\u0131zd\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie Curie 1894 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Gabriel Lippman\u2019\u0131n fizik ara\u015ft\u0131rma laboratuar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Burada, zor \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam etti. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, Polonyal\u0131 bir bilim insan\u0131 sayesinde , Pierre Curie\u2019yle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Pierre Curie bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te End\u00fcstriyel Fizik ve Kimya okulunun laboratuar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkan\u0131yd\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1895\u2019te, Wilhelm R\u00f6ngten\u2019in X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmesinin bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyecan\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 1896\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmenlik diplomas\u0131n\u0131 alan Curie, 1897\u2019e, daha \u00f6nceleri Henri Becquerel taraf\u0131ndan duyurulan, bir s\u00fcre sonra radyoaktivite olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lacak, uranyum tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerine detayl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na h\u0131zla devam edem Curie, toryumun da bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti. 1898\u2019da, e\u015fiyle birlikte polonyumu bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdular. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, Frans\u0131z kimyac\u0131 Eugene-Anatole Demar\u00e7ay\u2019\u0131n spektroskopi y\u00f6ntemiyle tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etti\u011fi do\u011fal radyoaktif element radyumu bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettiler.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1904 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Marie doktoras\u0131n\u0131 bitirdi ve Fransa\u2019da bu \u00fcnvan\u0131 alan ilk kad\u0131n oldu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kazand\u0131. 1906\u2019da e\u015finin vefat\u0131yla dul kalan Curie, Sorbonne\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmaya devam etti ve bu okuldaki ilk kad\u0131n profes\u00f6r oldu. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Nobel Kimya \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc ald\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00fcm bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Frans\u0131z Bilim Akademisi\u2019ne \u00fcyeli\u011fi, bir oyla reddedildi. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Paris \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde kurulan Rady\u0131m Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ilk m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc olarak atand\u0131. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ta\u015f\u0131nabilir r\u00f6ntgen cihaz\u0131n\u0131 icat etti ve gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlara X \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 e\u011fitimleri verdi. Fizik tedavi uzmanlar\u0131na, sava\u015fta radyoloji ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanabileceklerini \u00f6\u011fretti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Bilime katk\u0131s\u0131 1920\u2019li y\u0131llara kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Var\u015fova Radyum Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131 ve kendisine verilen 50.000 dolarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fclle, bu laboratuvara radyum ald\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n 1894 y\u0131l\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Pierre Curie\u2019yle evlenip Paris\u2019e yerle\u015fen Curie\u2019nin, bu evlili\u011finden iki \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu. 1897\u2019de ilk k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ara vermek zorunda kalan Marie, 1904\u2019de Pierre Sorbonne\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fe ba\u015flay\u0131nca, Sevr\u2019deki k\u0131zlar okulunda, fizik \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcrede di\u011fer k\u0131zlar\u0131 da do\u011fdu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie ve Pierre radyasyondan kaynaklanan rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar ge\u00e7iriyorlard\u0131. 1906\u2019n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda, Pierre Curie bir at arabas\u0131 kazas\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda, Pierre\u2019in eski dostu ve evli bir adam olan Paul Langevin\u2019le aras\u0131nda a\u015fk dedikodular\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu olay, d\u00f6nem gazetelerinde bir skandal olarak yer ald\u0131. \u00d6yle ki bu durum y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, Marie\u2019nin ikinci Nobel \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc almas\u0131 arka planda kald\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Marie Curie, 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kan kanserinden \u00f6ld\u00fc. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011finde, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Savoy kentinde ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan, Sceaux\u2019taki aile mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc ama ard\u0131ndan e\u015fiyle birlikte naa\u015flar\u0131, Pantheon\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131 da okumak isteyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\nHer Family and Childhood\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n
Her Study Life<\/b><\/h3>\n
Her Career and Achievements\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n
Her Private Life and Death<\/b><\/h3>\n
Marie Curie T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Biyografi<\/h2>\n
Ailesi ve \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu<\/b><\/h3>\n
E\u011fitim Hayat\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n
Kariyeri ve Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00d6zel Hayat\u0131 ve \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/b><\/h3>\n