K\u00fcreselle\u015fmeyi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu \u00e7a\u011fda, d\u0131\u015f ticaret sekt\u00f6r\u00fc hemen hemen her i\u015f arayan\u0131n hayalini s\u00fcslemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca bu sekt\u00f6rde yakalanabilecek f\u0131rsatlar s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zd\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f ticaret alan\u0131nda uzmanla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman, uluslararas\u0131 bir i\u015fletme y\u00f6neticisi, k\u00fcresel pazarlama y\u00f6neticisi, ithalat uyum uzman\u0131 ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcr dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olabilirsiniz. Biz de size bu alanda hayallerinizi s\u00fcsleyen i\u015fi bulman\u0131z i\u00e7in yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak ad\u0131na m\u00fclakatta sorulabilecek sorular\u0131 ve bu sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 derledik!<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticaret; sermaye, mal ve hizmetlerin uluslararas\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar veya b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015fudur. \u00c7o\u011fu \u00fclkede, d\u0131\u015f ticaret, gayri safi yurti\u00e7i has\u0131lan\u0131n (GSY\u0130H) \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc temsil etmektedir.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 ticaret teorileri, uluslararas\u0131 ticareti ve d\u0131\u015f ticareti a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 teorilerdir. Ticaret, iki ki\u015fi veya birimler aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumda d\u0131\u015f ticaret, iki farkl\u0131 \u00fclkedeki insanlar veya birimler aras\u0131nda bu de\u011fi\u015fimin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Serbest ticaret, \u00fclkelerin herhangi bir tarife engeli veya di\u011fer tarife d\u0131\u015f\u0131 engeller olmadan mal ithal ve ihra\u00e7 edebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Esasen, serbest ticaret t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyatlar, artan ihracat oran\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomilerinden yararlanabilme avantaj\u0131 ve daha fazla mal \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Sezgi, ticarette ki\u015fiyi di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan unsurlardan biridir. Sezginin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fide ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r. Fakat elbette sezgi tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir. Bunun yan\u0131nda mesleki bilgi, pazarlama ve sat\u0131\u015f taktikleri, ki\u015fi ya da kurumun do\u011fru pazardaki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, do\u011fru zamanda al\u0131m ve sat\u0131m\u0131, ilgili ticari kurallara ve normlara hakim olunmas\u0131 da \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu sayd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hepsinin temelinde sezginin etkisi yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticarette uzmanla\u015fma, ayn\u0131 zamanda co\u011frafi olarak da uzmanla\u015fmay\u0131 gerektirir. Zira her \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lge, kendi b\u00f6lgesinde avantajl\u0131 oldu\u011fu mal ve hizmetlerin \u00fcretiminde uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Hindistan \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde olduk\u00e7a avantajl\u0131 durumdad\u0131r. Bu sebeple Hindistan \u0130ngiltere\u2019ye \u00e7ay ihra\u00e7 eder, \u0130ngiltere\u2019den de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle \u00fcretim yapabilece\u011fi \u00e7eli\u011fin ithalat\u0131n\u0131 yapar.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 alanda ticaret yapan pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke s\u00f6z konusu ve bu y\u00fczden de yo\u011fun bir rekabet s\u00f6z konusu. \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin d\u0131\u015f ticaret alan\u0131nda rekabet edebilir hale gelmesinde, kalite, tasar\u0131m, paketleme, fiyat, reklam gibi unsurlar \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu unsurlar sayesinde piyasan\u0131n kazanan\u0131 da belirlenmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticarette sat\u0131c\u0131 ve al\u0131c\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkeden oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in birbirleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 olmayabilmektedir. Bu y\u00fczden de arac\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da firmalara ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticarette prosed\u00fcr olduk\u00e7a detayl\u0131 ve karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n ve sat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm formaliteleri kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri de zor olacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da nakliye firmalar\u0131, takas acenteleri ya da broker uzmanlar\u0131 gibi arac\u0131lar\u0131n hizmetine ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar.<\/p>\n
\u0130thalat\u00e7\u0131 ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkelerin para birimleri genellikle farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kabul edilebilir bir para birimi bulmalar\u0131 gerekir. Bu durumda da genellikle dolar veya \u0130ngiliz sterlini se\u00e7ilir. Bu para birimleri sabit para birimleri olarak bilinir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada kabul edilebilirler.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fan i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131n, uluslararas\u0131 yasalar ve ticaret k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi sahibi olmas\u0131 bir zorunluluktur.<\/p>\n
Her \u00fclkenin h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ulusal \u00e7\u0131karlar i\u00e7in ithalat ve ihracat \u00fczerinde kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 ticarette \u00e7ok say\u0131da belge gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticaret, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zel sorunlar veya zorluklar ile karakterizedir.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticarete konu olan farkl\u0131 \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndaki uzun mesafe nedeniyle, t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n birbirleriyle yak\u0131n ve h\u0131zl\u0131 ticaret ili\u015fkileri kurmalar\u0131 da zordur. Al\u0131c\u0131 ve sat\u0131c\u0131lar nadiren birbirleriyle tan\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar ve y\u00fcz y\u00fcze g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ise \u00e7ok daha nadirdir. Bu da sipari\u015flerin verilmesi ve yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeden mallar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreyi \u00e7ok uzatarak gecikmelere neden olabilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca mesafe, daha y\u00fcksek nakliye maliyetine ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck risklere de yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 diller konu\u015fulur ve yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Fiyat listeleri ve kataloglar yabanc\u0131 dillerde haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla reklamlar ve yaz\u0131\u015fmalar da yabanc\u0131 dillerde yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mal almak veya satmak isteyen bir firma, yabanc\u0131 dili bilmeli veya bu dili bilen birini istihdam etmelidir.<\/p>\n
Mallar\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesi ve al\u0131nmas\u0131 daha uzun zaman al\u0131r ve ciddi masraflar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Sava\u015f ve do\u011fal afetler gibi beklenmedik olaylar esnas\u0131nda mallar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 daha da zorla\u015f\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde, bilgi g\u00f6nderme veya alma maliyetleri de \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticaret, \u00fclke i\u00e7i ticaretten \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler i\u00e7erir. D\u0131\u015f ticarette mallar uzun mesafelerde ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r ve deniz a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 yolculukta bir\u00e7ok tehlikeye maruz kal\u0131r. Bu risklerin pek \u00e7o\u011fu deniz sigortas\u0131 denilen bir sigorta ile kar\u015f\u0131lanabilmektedir fakat bu kez de mallar\u0131n maliyeti artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Al\u0131c\u0131lar ve sat\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ve yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yabanc\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n kredibilitesini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel ad\u0131mlar gereklidir. Yabanc\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n finansal durumu ve ticari durumu hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcvenilir bilgi edinmek zordur. Bu nedenle de kredi riski y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n
Her \u00fclke, kendi sanayisini korumak i\u00e7in ithalatta g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi al\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde, tarife oranlar\u0131 hammadde ihracat\u0131na da konmaktad\u0131r. \u0130thalat\u00e7\u0131lar ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na tabi olmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. D\u0131\u015f ticaret politikas\u0131, prosed\u00fcrleri, kurallar\u0131 ve y\u00f6netmelikleri \u00fclkeden \u00fclkeye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir ve zaman zaman de\u011fi\u015fmeye devam eder.<\/p>\n
Hem ihracat\u00e7\u0131lar hem de ithalat\u00e7\u0131lar zaman ve para harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli dok\u00fcmanlar haz\u0131rlamak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her d\u0131\u015f pazar\u0131n kendine has \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Kendi gereksinimleri, gelenekleri, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri, pazarlama y\u00f6ntemleri vard\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f ticaretteki ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015f pazarlar\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde incelenmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f pazarlar hakk\u0131nda do\u011fru ve g\u00fcncel bilgi toplamak ise \u00e7ok zordur.<\/p>\n
Her \u00fclkenin kendi para birimi vard\u0131r ve bir para biriminin ba\u015fka bir para birimiyle (d\u00f6viz kuru) de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f edilmesi, d\u00f6viz kurundaki dalgalanmadan etkilenir ve ek risk olu\u015fturur. Mallar\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesi ile \u00f6demenin al\u0131nmas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki geni\u015f zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle ise, tahsil edilemeyen alacak riski daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda talep ve arz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek zordur. Uluslararas\u0131 pazarlarda fiyatlar s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bu t\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yeni rakiplerin giri\u015fi, al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tercihlerindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, ithalat vergileri ve navlun oranlar\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131ndaki dalgalanmalar vb. de\u011fi\u015fikliklerdir.<\/p>\n
Mal tedariki ile \u00f6deme al\u0131nmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a uzun bir zaman bo\u015flu\u011fu vard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ihracat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n sermayesi uzun bir s\u00fcre blokeli kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na mal satmak isteyen ticaret\u00e7iler, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ciddi bir rekabetle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f pazarlarda uygunlu\u011funu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 gereklidir. Bu da reklam ve sat\u0131\u015f te\u015fviki i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek harcamalar gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n
In this era where we experience globalization, the foreign trade sector decorates the dream of almost every job seeker. In addition, the opportunities that can be obtained in this sector are unlimited. When you specialize in foreign trade, you can become an international business manager, global marketing manager, import compliance expert or cultural consultant. We have compiled the questions that can be asked in the interview and the answers to these questions to help you find the job that embellishes your dreams in this area!<\/p>\n
Foreign trade; is the exchange of capital and goods and services across international borders or regions. In most countries, foreign trade represents a significant portion of the gross domestic product (GDP).<\/p>\n
International trade theories are different theories used to explain international trade and foreign trade. Trade is the concept of the exchange of goods and services between two people or units. In this case, foreign trade is the concept that explains this change between people or units in two different countries.<\/p>\n
Free trade means that countries can import and export goods without any tariff barriers or other non-tariff barriers. Essentially, free trade provides lower prices for consumers, increased export rates, advantage of economies of scale and greater variety of goods.<\/p>\n
Intuition is one of the factors that differentiates the person from the trade and ensures its success. The presence of intuition increases the chances of success in the person. But of course, intuition alone is not enough. In addition, professional knowledge, marketing and sales tactics, presence of the person or institution in the right market, buying and selling at the right time, and mastering the relevant trade rules and norms are essential. The effect of intuition lies behind all of these.<\/p>\n
Specialization in foreign trade also requires geographic specialization. Because every country and region specializes in the production of goods and services in which it is advantageous in its region. For example, India is very advantageous in tea production. For this reason, India exports tea to England and imports steel from England that it can produce at low cost.<\/p>\n
There are many countries that trade internationally, so there is intense competition. Factors such as quality, design, packaging, price, advertisement are very important in making products competitive in foreign trade. Thanks to these elements, the winner of the market is determined.<\/p>\n
In foreign trade, since the seller and buyer are from different countries, there may not be a chance to meet each other. Therefore, intermediary people or companies are needed.<\/p>\n
The procedure in foreign trade is very detailed and complex. Therefore, it will be difficult for buyers and sellers to perform all formalities on their own. So, they need the service of intermediaries such as shipping companies, clearing agencies or brokers.<\/p>\n
Currencies of importing and exporting countries are often different. Therefore, they need to find a mutually acceptable currency. In this case, dollars or British pounds are usually chosen. These currencies are known as fixed currencies because they can be accepted worldwide.<\/p>\n
It is imperative that businessmen dealing with foreign trade have knowledge of international laws and trade restrictions.<\/p>\n
The government of each country uses its control over imports and exports for national interests.<\/p>\n
Many documents are required in international trade.<\/p>\n
Foreign trade is characterized by the following special problems or difficulties.<\/p>\n
It is also difficult for traders to establish close and fast trade relations with each other due to the long distance between different countries that are subject to foreign trade. Buyers and sellers rarely meet each other, and face-to-face meeting is much rarer. This can cause delays by extending the time between placing orders and receiving goods from a foreign country. In addition, the distance also leads to higher shipping costs and greater risks.<\/p>\n
Different languages are spoken and written in different countries. Price lists and catalogs are prepared in foreign languages. Therefore, advertisements and correspondence will be made in foreign languages. A company that wants to buy or sell goods abroad must know a foreign language or employ someone who knows this language.<\/p>\n
It takes longer to send and receive the goods and serious costs occur. The transportation of goods becomes more difficult during unexpected events such as war and natural disasters. Similarly, the costs of sending or receiving information are very high.<\/p>\n
Foreign trade involves much greater risks than domestic trade. In foreign trade, goods are transported over long distances and are exposed to many dangers in overseas travel. Many of these risks can be covered by an insurance called marine insurance, but this time the cost of goods increases.<\/p>\n
When there is no direct and close relationship between buyers and sellers, special steps are required to verify the credibility of foreign buyers. It is difficult to obtain reliable information about the financial position and commercial situation of foreign traders. Therefore, credit risk is high.<\/p>\n
Each country imposes customs duties on imports to protect its industry. Similarly, tariff rates are also included in raw material exports. Importers and exporters are required to be subject to customs tax restrictions. Foreign trade policy, procedures, rules and regulations differ from country to country and continue to change from time to time.<\/p>\n
Both exporters and importers have to prepare various documents including time and money expenditure.<\/p>\n
Each foreign market has its own characteristics. It has its own requirements, traditions, weights and measures, marketing methods. A comprehensive examination of foreign markets is essential for success in foreign trade. It is very difficult to collect accurate and up-to-date information about foreign markets.<\/p>\n
Each country has its own currency, and exchanging one currency with another currency (exchange rate) is affected by the fluctuation in the exchange rate and creates additional risk. Due to the wide time interval between sending the goods and receiving the payment, the risk of locked-up capital for the exporter is higher.<\/p>\n
It is difficult to predict changes in demand and supply conditions abroad. Prices may change frequently in international markets. Such changes include entry of new competitors, changes in buyers’ preferences, changes in import taxes and freight rates, fluctuations in exchange rates, etc. are changes.<\/p>\n
There is a long gap between supply of goods and receiving payments. Therefore, the capital of the exporter remains blocked for a long time.<\/p>\n
Traders who want to sell goods abroad face serious competition in different countries. Important market research is required to ensure the product’s suitability in foreign markets. This requires high expenses for advertising and sales incentives.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngilizce i\u015f m\u00fclakat\u0131na uzman e\u011fitmenlerle haz\u0131rlanmak ister misiniz? Binlerce \u00f6\u011frencimiz gibi siz de Konu\u015farak \u00d6\u011fren ile \u0130ngilizce i\u015f m\u00fclakat\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki linke t\u0131klayarak \u00fccretsiz kay\u0131t olabilir, e\u011fitim dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131m\u0131zdan m\u00fclakatlara haz\u0131rl\u0131k paketi hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
M\u00fclakat Program\u0131 Linki:\u00a0https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/mulakat-<\/a><\/p>\n