{"id":2247,"date":"2016-11-20T17:09:51","date_gmt":"2016-11-20T15:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/?p=2247"},"modified":"2018-09-26T11:28:22","modified_gmt":"2018-09-26T08:28:22","slug":"compound-nouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/compound-nouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Compound Nouns \u2013 \u0130ngilizce Birle\u015fik \u0130simler"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131da isimler konusunda ve isim t\u00fcrlerinden tek tek bahsetmi\u015ftik. Bu bahsetti\u011fim yaz\u0131da \u201ccompound nouns\u201d yani \u0130ngilizce birle\u015fik isimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden de k\u0131saca bahsetmi\u015ftik. Fakat birle\u015fik isimler kendi \u00f6zel yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hak edecek kadar \u00f6nemli bir konu oldu\u011fundan bu yaz\u0131da konuya ayr\u0131ca de\u011finece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p>Peki birle\u015fik isimler neden bu kadar \u00f6nemli bir konu? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc birle\u015fik isimleri kavrad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda asl\u0131nda birle\u015fik kelimelerin anlam\u0131n\u0131 bilmesek de onlardan birini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde az \u00e7ok anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>Gelin birle\u015fik isimlerin nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan birle\u015fik kelimelerin neler oldu\u011fu bol \u00f6rnekler vererek anlatal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Birle\u015fik \u0130simleri Olu\u015fturan 2 K\u0131s\u0131m<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Birle\u015fik isimler genellikle iki farkl\u0131 kelimenin birle\u015ftirilmesiyle olu\u015fur. Bu iki farkl\u0131 kelime birle\u015fti\u011finde anlam kelimelerin anlam\u0131yla benzer de olabilir, tamamen bamba\u015fka bir anlam da kazanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fik isimleri olu\u015fturan bu iki kelime genellikle \u015f\u00f6yledir: Birinci k\u0131s\u0131m anlam ya da t\u00fcr bildirir, yani kelimenin nas\u0131l biri ya da nas\u0131l bir nesne oldu\u011fu, amac\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131r. \u0130kinci k\u0131s\u0131m ise birle\u015fik kelimenin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 nesne ya da ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Girl + friend = girlfriend<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>(ilk k\u0131s\u0131mda yani \u201cgirl\u201d kelimesinde birle\u015fik kelimenin anlataca\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiyi s\u00f6ylemi\u015f olduk,ikinci k\u0131s\u0131mda yani \u201cfriend\u201d kelimesinde ise bizim i\u00e7in bu ki\u015finin ne oldu\u011fu. Sonu\u00e7 olarak ortaya \u201ck\u0131zarkada\u015f\u201d \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ama sevgili anlam\u0131nda, yani birle\u015fik kelimemiz bize anlatmak istenilen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda ipucu vermi\u015fse de farkl\u0131 bir anlam kazand\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In + put = input<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>(Bu birle\u015fik isim ileri d\u00fczey olsa da bu ismi olu\u015fturan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bak\u0131n elimize ne ge\u00e7ti? \u201cIn\u201d ve \u201cput\u201d gibi iki basit kelime. Biz belki \u201cinput\u201d nedir bilmiyoruz, ama \u201cin\u201d kelimesinin \u201ci\u00e7eride, i\u00e7eri\u201d demek oldu\u011funu biliyoruz, \u201cput\u201d da koymak demek. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Demek ki \u201cinput\u201d kelime anlam\u0131 \u201ci\u00e7eri koymak\u201d gibi bir \u015fey. Yakla\u015ft\u0131k, input \u201cgirdi\u201d demek.\u00a0 Bazen veri anlam\u0131 da var ama veri de manuel olarak bilgisayara girilmiyor mu zaten?)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dining + table = dining-table<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>(bu sefer \u201c-ing\u201d alarak isim haline gelmi\u015f bir fiil \u2013 dine fiili \u2013 ile bir nesneyi birle\u015ftirdik. \u0130lk k\u0131s\u0131mda anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z nesnenin amac\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131k, \u00fczerinde yemek yendi\u011fine de\u011findik ve ikici k\u0131s\u0131mda ise birle\u015fik isimle anlatmak istedi\u011fimiz nesneyi yani \u201ctable\u201d kelimesini koyduk ve ortaya \u201cyemek masas\u0131\u201d \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/dining-table.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2248\" src=\"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/dining-table.jpg\" alt=\"dining-table\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/dining-table.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/dining-table-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/dining-table-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fik isimleri olu\u015fturan iki k\u0131s\u0131mdaki kelime t\u00fcrlerine de\u011finip daha fala \u00f6rnek vermeye ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce bir \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturmak istiyorum: Birle\u015fik kelimeleri olu\u015fturan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 anlarsak daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir kelimenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 tahmin edebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDine\u201d kelimesi \u00e7ok g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir kelime de\u011fil, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesine ders veren \u00f6\u011fretmenler \u201cdine\u201d yerine \u201ceat\u201d demeyi tercih ederler ki kafalar kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n. Ama \u201cdine\u201d kelimesini bilmesek de \u201ctable\u201d kelimesinden \u201cdining-table\u201d nedir hemen anlam\u0131\u015f olduk. Bir \u00e7e\u015fit masa.<\/p>\n<p>Dine fiilini bilmiyorsak da \u201cdining room\u201d ibaresini biliyoruz. \u201cDining room\u201d ibaresinin anlam\u0131 yemek odas\u0131 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, mant\u0131ken bu da yemek masas\u0131 olsa gerek gibi bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yapabiliriz.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Birle\u015fik \u0130sim T\u00fcrleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz birle\u015fik isimleri olu\u015fturan k\u0131s\u0131mlar fark ettiyseniz farkl\u0131 kelime t\u00fcrlerinden olu\u015fabiliyor. Mesela \u201cgirlfriend\u201d \u00f6rne\u011finde \u201cgirl\u201d isim, \u201cfriend\u201d de isim. Ama \u201cinput\u201d \u00f6rne\u011finde \u201cin\u201d adverb yani zarf, \u201cput\u201d ise fiil.<\/p>\n<p>Demek ki birle\u015fik isimler farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerden de oluyor, sadece isimle ismin birle\u015fiminden olu\u015fmak zorunda de\u011filler. O halde \u00f6rneklerimizi verirken neyle neyin birle\u015fimi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 da not d\u00fc\u015felim.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Honey, can you clean the <strong>bedroom<\/strong> please? ( bedroom: isim + isim)<\/li>\n<li>Watching the <strong>rainfall<\/strong> with a cup of coffee is the gift of winter. ( rainfall: isim + fiil)<\/li>\n<li>Look at all those <strong>passers-by<\/strong> in this busy Tokyo street! (passerby: isim + zarf)<\/li>\n<li>Have you got your <strong>driving license<\/strong> yet? I have heard it\u2019s too hard to get now. ( driving license: fiil + isim)<\/li>\n<li>The main <strong>drawback <\/strong>of this presentation is that it lacks a powerful conclusion. ( drawback: fiil + zarf)<\/li>\n<li>I saw a traffic accident on the road today. There were so many <strong>bystanders<\/strong> looking at the wounded and doing nothing, it was horrible! ( bystander: zarf + isim)<\/li>\n<li>An <strong>upturn<\/strong> in the economy may mean that the future is bright, but it may also mean it is just temporary. ( upturn: zarf + fiil )<\/li>\n<li>Did you download that <strong>software<\/strong> from the other day? I have heard it has a sort of virus in it, you need to delete the whole thing. (software: s\u0131fat + isim)<\/li>\n<li>Hey, do you know where I can find a <strong>dry-cleaning<\/strong> shop around here? ( dry-cleaning: s\u0131fat + fiil)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>D\u0130KKAT! <\/strong>Siz de fark ettiniz de\u011fil mi? Verdi\u011fimiz \u00f6rneklerdeki birle\u015fik isimlerin baz\u0131s\u0131 tamamen birle\u015fik, baz\u0131s\u0131 aralar\u0131na bo\u015fluk ya da \u201c-\u201c alm\u0131\u015f. Neden b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey olmu\u015f peki?<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fik isimler, kendilerini olu\u015fturan 2 par\u00e7an\u0131n t\u00fcrlerine ek olarak nas\u0131l birle\u015ftiklerine g\u00f6re de t\u00fcrlerine ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00d6zellikle bunu \u00f6\u011frenmenize gerek yok, biraz ileri bir konu, ama yine de bilmek istersiniz diye birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek veriyorum:<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A\u00e7\u0131k Birle\u015fik \u0130simler (Open Compound Names): <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">ice cream, post office, full moon, middle class, real estate, dry cleaning, driving license.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tireli Birle\u015fik \u0130simler <\/strong>(<strong>Hyphenated<\/strong><strong>\u00a0Compound Names): <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">father-in-law, well-being, merry-go-round, one-half, mass-produced.<\/p>\n<p>Birle\u015fik isimlerin de sonuna geldik. Bu konu biraz detay bir konu, kurallar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilmeseniz de olur. Ama hani merak ederseniz birle\u015fik isimler nas\u0131l olu\u015fur, neden baz\u0131lar\u0131 tire al\u0131r baz\u0131lar\u0131 almaz, yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 derinlemesine okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir ba\u015fka yaz\u0131da isimler konusunda ve isim t\u00fcrlerinden tek tek bahsetmi\u015ftik. Bu bahsetti\u011fim yaz\u0131da \u201ccompound nouns\u201d yani \u0130ngilizce birle\u015fik isimler t\u00fcr\u00fcnden de k\u0131saca bahsetmi\u015ftik. Fakat birle\u015fik isimler kendi \u00f6zel yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2248,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[341],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ingilizce-dersleri"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2247"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}