{"id":27691,"date":"2021-11-15T15:49:49","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T12:49:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/?p=27691"},"modified":"2021-11-15T15:49:49","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T12:49:49","slug":"ingilizce-dolayli-ve-dolaysiz-cumleler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/ingilizce-dolayli-ve-dolaysiz-cumleler\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ngilizce Dolayl\u0131 ve Dolays\u0131z C\u00fcmleler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dolayl\u0131 ve dolays\u0131z c\u00fcmleler, \u0130ngilizcenin kurallar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden en \u00e7ok kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran konular\u0131ndan biridir. Oysa ki konunun \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ne kadar basit oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. \u015eimdiden s\u00f6yleyeyim; g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz hi\u00e7 korkmas\u0131n. Hap bilgilerle \u0130ngilizcede do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 anlat\u0131m\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da halledece\u011fiz. Kalemlerinizi, defterlerinizi haz\u0131rlay\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tablolarla verece\u011fim kurallar\u0131 bir kenara not al\u0131n. Not alarak belirli aral\u0131klarla kurallar\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irip konuyu daha kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirebilirsiniz. \u00d6yleyse ne duruyorsunuz? Haydi, atlay\u0131n!<\/p>\n

\u2212 Haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar?<\/p>\n

+ Haz\u0131r\u0131z Kaptan!<\/p>\n

\u2212 Sizi duyamad\u0131m!<\/p>\n

+ HAZIRIZ KAPTAAAN!<\/p>\n

\u2212 OOOOOOOO!<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce Dolays\u0131z C\u00fcmleler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0130ngilizce dolays\u0131z (direct)<\/em> c\u00fcmleleri anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede bunun ne anlama geldi\u011fine bakal\u0131m. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ismiyle do\u011frudan anlat\u0131m\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in c\u00fcmlede \u201cdedi, diye konu\u015ftu, diye yan\u0131t\/cevap verdi, der\u201d gibi kelimeleri aramal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir ki\u015finin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi bir s\u00f6z\u00fc oldu\u011fu gibi, do\u011frudan, dolays\u0131z olarak ba\u015fka birine aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anlat\u0131mlara do\u011frudan ya da dolays\u0131z anlat\u0131m diyoruz. Dolays\u0131z anlat\u0131mda yan c\u00fcmleyi t\u0131rnak i\u015fareti i\u00e7erisine yaz\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin;<\/p>\n

Annem beni arad\u0131 ve \u201cSeni seviyorum.\u201d \u00a0dedi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Bu \u00f6rne\u011fi inceleyecek olursak, daha \u00f6nceden ya\u015fanan bir olayda s\u00f6ylenen bir s\u00f6z\u00fc, ba\u015fka birisine do\u011frudan aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz. Peki, \u0130ngilizce do\u011frudan anlat\u0131m c\u00fcmlesi nas\u0131l kurulur? Bakal\u0131m;<\/p>\n

My mother called me and she said, \u201cI love you.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle daha konuyu peki\u015ftirelim:<\/p>\n

[table id=777 \/]<\/p>\n

[highlight]KURAL: <\/strong>Do\u011frudan ya da dolays\u0131z anlat\u0131mda yan c\u00fcmle her zaman t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131l\u0131r. Ana c\u00fcmlede de yan c\u00fcmlede de zamanda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmaz.[\/highlight]<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce Dolayl\u0131 C\u00fcmleler<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c7ok kabaca anlatacak olursak \u0130ngilizce dolayl\u0131 (indirect) <\/em>anlat\u0131m, biraz \u00f6nce t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z c\u00fcmleleri esas c\u00fcmlenin i\u00e7ine yedirerek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anlat\u0131md\u0131r. Hemen en ba\u015fta kurdu\u011fumuz c\u00fcmle \u00fczerinden T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6rne\u011fimizle ba\u015flayal\u0131m;<\/p>\n

Annem beni arad\u0131 ve beni sevdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi dolayl\u0131 anlat\u0131mda t\u0131rnak i\u015fareti kullanm\u0131yoruz ve annemizin s\u00f6yledi\u011fi c\u00fcmleyi oldu\u011fu gibi, do\u011frudan de\u011fil, yap\u0131s\u0131nda ufak tefek de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yaparak kullan\u0131yoruz. Gelin birka\u00e7 \u0130ngilizce \u00f6rnekle g\u00f6z a\u015final\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

[table id=778 \/]<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce Dolays\u0131z C\u00fcmleyi Dolayl\u0131 C\u00fcmle Yapma<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u015eimdi gelelim fasulyenin faydalar\u0131na. Peki, direct c\u00fcmleler nas\u0131l indirect yap\u0131l\u0131r? Gelin kurallar\u0131m\u0131za bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

[table id=779 \/]<\/p>\n

Her biri i\u00e7in birer \u00f6rnek verelim;<\/p>\n

Direct Speech:<\/strong> She said, \u201cI can play violin.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indirect Speech:<\/strong> She said that she could play violin.<\/p>\n

Direct Speech:<\/strong> His parents said, \u201cWe may go to France.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indirect Speech:<\/strong> His parents said that they might go to France.<\/p>\n

Direct Speech:<\/strong> The doctor said, \u201cYou must take your medicine.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indirect Speech:<\/strong> The doctor told me that I had to take my medicine.<\/p>\n

Direct Speech:<\/strong> He said, \u201cI should call my mother.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indirect Speech:<\/strong> He said that he should call his mother.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngilizce kiplerdeki (modal verbs) de\u011fi\u015fimi g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Bir de zamanlardaki (tenses) de\u011fi\u015fimlere bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

[table id=780 \/]<\/p>\n

Hay\u0131r, ne demi\u015ftik? G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz korkmas\u0131n! Yukar\u0131daki tabloya dikkatlice bakarsan\u0131z i\u015fin \u00f6z\u00fcnde zaman\u0131 bir ad\u0131m geriye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. C\u00fcmlede \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapm\u0131yoruz yani. Her bir zaman i\u00e7in \u00f6rneklere bakal\u0131m ve konuyu daha iyi kavrayal\u0131m;<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Zehra said that she knew<\/strong> the truth. (Zehra ger\u00e7e\u011fi bildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Yadigar said, \u201cI am playing<\/strong> violin.\u201d (Yadigar \u201cKeman \u00e7al\u0131yorum.\u201d dedi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Yadigar said that she was playing<\/strong> violin. (Yadigar keman \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Murat said, \u201cAy\u015fe has told<\/strong> me<\/strong> the news.\u201d (Murat \u201cAy\u015fe bana haberleri s\u00f6yledi.\u201d dedi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Murat said that Ay\u015fe had told<\/strong> him<\/strong> the news.\u00a0(Murat, Ay\u015fe’nin ona haberleri s\u00f6yledi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Ya\u015far said, \u201cI invited my<\/strong> girlfriend to my<\/strong> birthday party.\u201d\u00a0(Ya\u015far “K\u0131z arkada\u015f\u0131m\u0131 do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc partime davet ettim.” dedi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Ya\u015far said that he had invited<\/strong> his <\/strong>girlfriend to his<\/strong> birthday party.\u00a0(Ya\u015far, k\u0131z arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fum g\u00fcn\u00fc partisine davet etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Celine said, \u201cI was dreaming<\/strong> about my<\/strong> graduation.\u201d\u00a0(Celine, “mezuniyetimin hayalini kuruyordum.” dedi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Celine said that she had been dreaming<\/strong> about her<\/strong> graduation.\u00a0(Celine, mezuniyetinin hayalini kurdu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Darla said, \u201cI will<\/strong> always love you<\/strong>.\u201d\u00a0(Darla “Seni hep sevece\u011fim.” dedi)<\/em><\/li>\n
  • Darla said that she would<\/strong> always love me<\/strong>.\u00a0(Darla, beni hep sevece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Sabrina said, \u201cThey will be <\/strong>waiting for me<\/strong>.\u201d\u00a0(Sabrina “Beni bekliyor olacaklar.” dedi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
  • Sabrina said that they would be<\/strong> waiting for her.<\/strong>\u00a0(Sabrina, onu bekliyor olacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    G\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz m\u00fc? Asl\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz kadar zor de\u011fil. E\u011fer bu tabloyu defterinize not ederseniz birka\u00e7 tekrardan sonra kolayl\u0131kla c\u00fcmle kurabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    [highlight]KURAL: <\/strong>E\u011fer yan c\u00fcmlede s\u00f6ylenen ifade evrensel olarak kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir durum ya da bilimsel bir ger\u00e7ekte zamanda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmaz.[\/highlight]<\/p>\n

    \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/strong> She said, \u201cThere are seven days in a week.\u201d<\/p>\n

    She said that there are seven days in a week.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Dolayl\u0131 ve Dolays\u0131z Anlat\u0131mda Soru C\u00fcmleleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Bazen dolayl\u0131 ve dolays\u0131z anlat\u0131m c\u00fcmlelerinin i\u00e7erisinde, yan c\u00fcmle bir soru c\u00fcmlesi olabilir. Tabi ki bu durumda da dolays\u0131z anlat\u0131m dolayl\u0131 anlat\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

    [highlight]KURAL: <\/strong>Dolayl\u0131 ve dolays\u0131z anlat\u0131m i\u00e7erisinde e\u011fer bir \u201cWh\u201d soru c\u00fcmlesi varsa, indirect c\u00fcmlede ba\u015fka bir ba\u011fla\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmaz.[\/highlight]<\/p>\n

    [highlight]KURAL: <\/strong>E\u011fer soru c\u00fcmlesi \u201cWh\u201d soru kelimeleriyle kurulmam\u0131\u015fsa, indirect c\u00fcmlede yan c\u00fcmle if\/weather<\/em> ile ba\u011flan\u0131r.[\/highlight]<\/p>\n

    Gelin \u00f6rneklerimize bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Osman said, \u201cWhat are you doing?\u201d\u00a0(Osman “Ne yap\u0131yorsun?<\/em>” dedi)<\/li>\n
    • Osman asked me what I was doing.\u00a0(Osman ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 sordu.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • Selin said, \u201cWhere is she from?\u201d\u00a0(Selin “O nereli?” dedi.)<\/em><\/li>\n
    • Selin asked where she was from.\u00a0(Selin onun nereli oldu\u011funu sordu.)<\/em><\/li>\n
    • Pelin said, \u201cWill you call me?\u201d\u00a0(Pelin “Beni arayacak m\u0131s\u0131n?” dedi.)<\/em><\/li>\n
    • Pelin asked if I would call her.\u00a0(Pelin onu aray\u0131p aramayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 sordu.)<\/em><\/li>\n
    • Deniz said, \u201cDoes he eat icecream?\u00a0(Deniz “Dondurma yer mi” dedi.<\/em>)<\/li>\n
    • Deniz asked if he ate icecream.\u00a0(Deniz, dondurma yiyip yemedi\u011fini sordu.<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u0130ngilizce Do\u011frudan ve Dolayl\u0131 Anlat\u0131m Hakk\u0131nda S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      \u0130ngilizce do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 anlat\u0131mda yer ve zaman bildiren kelimeler nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Do\u011frudan anlat\u0131mda zaten s\u00f6ylenen s\u00f6z\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden, oldu\u011fu gibi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in yer ve zaman bildiren kelimelerde bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmaz. Ancak do\u011frudan anlat\u0131m\u0131 bir dolayl\u0131 anlat\u0131m c\u00fcmlesine \u00e7evirirken bu ifadelerde baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapmam\u0131z gerekli. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda birka\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.
      \n