\u0130ngilizce Gramer deyince akla tonlarca konu, y\u00fczlerce \u00fcnite gelmekte bu da sizleri, yani \u0130ngilizce sevdal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngilizceden so\u011futmaktad\u0131r. Olu\u015fan bu tablo sizi karamsarl\u0131\u011fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemekle beraber \u0130ngilizce konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik daha ilk ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 atmadan sizin pes etmenize sebep olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden ne yapal\u0131m edelim dedik \u0130ngilizce de olmazsa olmaz denilen gramer konular\u0131n\u0131 basite indirgeyerek anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n
[table id=183 \/]<\/p>\n
<\/a><\/p>\n Modal Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Modal\u2019 lar c\u00fcmlenin as\u0131l fiiline \u00f6zel ve ek bilgi anlam\u0131 katan yard\u0131mc\u0131 fiillerdir.<\/p>\n Peki bunlar nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Olumlu hali<\/strong><\/p>\n Yukar\u0131dada belirtti\u011fimiz gibi modal\u2019lar yard\u0131mc\u0131 fiil olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde as\u0131l fiil hi\u00e7bir ek almaz yani yal\u0131n halde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6znesi ne olursa olsun bu de\u011fi\u015fmez<\/p>\n \u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n I can go to work.<\/p>\n He might watch TV.<\/p>\n They should study more.<\/p>\n Olumsuz hali<\/strong><\/p>\n Olumsuz yap\u0131l\u0131rken ba\u015fka bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 fiil gelmez kendileri olumsuza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Veya olumsuz eki olan \u201cnot\u201d gelir.<\/p>\n \u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n – I can\u2019t go.<\/p>\n – He might not watch TV.<\/p>\n – They shouldn\u2019t study more.<\/p>\n Soru hali<\/strong><\/p>\n Soru durumunda ise yard\u0131mc\u0131 fiilimiz olan modal\u2019lar ba\u015fa gelir.<\/p>\n \u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n – Can I go?<\/p>\n – Might he watch TV?<\/p>\n – Should they study more?<\/p>\n <\/a> 1. Yetenek (Ability):<\/strong><\/p>\n I can swim. (Y\u00fczebilirim.)<\/p>\n 2. Bir\u015feyin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011fimiz durumlarda (Knowing how sth. is done):<\/strong><\/p>\n I can make a cake. (Pasta yapabilirim)<\/p>\n 3. \u0130htimal (Possibility):<\/strong><\/p>\n I can come to see u tomorrow. (Yar\u0131n seni g\u00f6rmeye gelebilirim.)<\/p>\n 4. Ricalarda (Request):<\/strong> 5. \u0130zin isterken veya izin verirken (Asking for \/ and giving permission)<\/strong><\/p>\n Can I study in this room? (Bu odada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir miyim?)<\/p>\n When u finish ur homework, you can watch TV? (\u00d6devini bitirdi\u011finde TV izleyebilirsin.)<\/p>\n 6. Tahminlerde-olumlu\/olumsuz (Prediction-question-negative):<\/strong> <\/a> Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki yetenekler (Past ability):<\/strong><\/p>\n At what age could you speak? (Ka\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131nda konu\u015fabildin?)<\/p>\n Gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik ihtimallerde (Future Possibility):<\/strong><\/p>\n The doctor could see you at 3. ( Doktor seni saat 3\u2019 te g\u00f6rebilir.)<\/p>\n Ricalarda (Request):<\/strong><\/p>\n Could I borrow your dictionary? (S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alabilir miyim?)<\/p>\n <\/a> 1. \u0130zin isterken\/verirken (Ask for\/ give permission-request):<\/strong><\/p>\n May I come in? (\u0130\u00e7eri gelebilir miyim?)<\/p>\n You may leave when you finish? (Bitirince ayr\u0131labilirsin.)<\/p>\n 2. Olas\u0131l\u0131k- makul tahminlerde (Probability-reasonable guess):<\/strong><\/p>\n Don\u2019t touch it! It may be hot. (Ona dokunma! S\u0131cak olabilir.)<\/p>\n 3. Z\u0131tl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken (Getting ready to show contradiction):<\/strong><\/p>\n She may not be very pretty but she is very good at her job. ( \u00c7ok \u015firin olmayabilir ama i\u015finde \u00e7ok iyi.\u00a0)<\/p>\n 4. Dileklerde (Desire, wish):<\/strong><\/p>\n May she rest in peace! ( Huzur i\u00e7inde yats\u0131n!)<\/p>\n <\/a> 1. Olas\u0131l\u0131k-may\u2019 den daha zay\u0131f (Probability (weaker than may)):<\/strong><\/p>\n I don\u2019t know where he is, he might be at work. (Nerede oldu\u011funu bilmiyorum. \u0130\u015fte olabilir.)<\/p>\n 2. Kibar bir \u015fekilde \u0130zin isterken (Ask for permission\/ request):<\/strong><\/p>\n Might I use your phone? ( Telefonunuzu kullanabilir miyim?)<\/p>\n <\/a> Mal\u0131, meli diye \u00e7evrilen must eki tavsiye dahil bir \u00e7ok durumda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar;<\/p>\n <\/a> Gelecek zaman durumunda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u2018-ecek, -acak\u2019 olarak \u00e7evrilebilen bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn olumsuz bi\u00e7imi\u00a0shall not<\/em>\u00a0olabildi\u011fi gibi\u00a0shan\u2019t<\/em>\u00a0olarak da kayna\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n We shall let you know as soon as there\u2019s any news.<\/em> (Bir haber \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz sana haber verece\u011fiz.)<\/em><\/p>\n Shall I do the washing-up?<\/em> (\u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ben y\u0131kayay\u0131m m\u0131?)<\/em><\/p>\n What shall we do this weekend?<\/em> (Bu hafta sonu ne yapal\u0131m?)<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.<\/em><\/p>\n (T\u00fcm k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar toplan\u0131ncaya dek adaylar yerlerinden kalkmayacaklard\u0131r.)<\/em><\/p>\n He shall do as he is told.<\/em> (Kendisine denileni yapacak.)<\/em><\/p>\n You shall be fired if you do that again.<\/em> (Bunu tekrar yaparsan kovulacaks\u0131n.)<\/em><\/p>\n <\/a> 1. G\u00f6revlerde, gerekliliklerde-must\u2019 dan daha zay\u0131f bir ifade, tavsiyelerde (Duty, necessity-weaker than must), advice: 2. Tahminlerde (Prediction): T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019 de de gerekir kelimesini tahminlerde kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/strong><\/p>\n Helen took dancing lessons for years. She should be a good dancer.<\/p>\n (Helen y\u0131llarca dans dersleri ald\u0131. \u0130yi bir dans\u00e7\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0)<\/p>\n <\/a> 1. G\u00f6revlerde (Duty):<\/p>\n We ought to study. (Ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z laz\u0131m.)<\/p>\n 2. Tavsiyelerde (Advice):<\/strong><\/p>\n You ought to eat less. (Daha az yemen laz\u0131m.)<\/p>\n 3. Beklentilerde (Expectation): <\/a> 1. Kararl\u0131l\u0131k ( Determination):<\/p>\n I\u2019 ll pass that exam. (\u015eu sn\u0131av\u0131 verece\u011fim.)<\/p>\n 2. Gelecek hakk\u0131nda fikir ve tahminlerde (Prediction and opinion for the future):<\/strong><\/p>\n It will rain. (Ya\u011fmur ya\u011facak.)<\/p>\n 3. S\u00f6z verirken (Promise):<\/strong><\/p>\n I\u2019ll do whatever u say. (Sen her ne dersen yapaca\u011f\u0131m.)<\/p>\n 4. Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz durumlarda (Unavoidable situations):<\/strong><\/p>\n Accidents will happen. (Kazalar olacak.)<\/p>\n 5. Redderken (Rejection): 6. \u0130steklilik – niyet (Willingness \u2013 intention):<\/strong><\/p>\n I\u2019ll help you to do the works. (\u0130\u015flerini yapmada sana yard\u0131m edece\u011fim.)<\/p>\n 7. Davetlerde \u2013 tekliflerde (Invitation \u2013 offer):<\/strong><\/p>\n Will u have some tea? (Biraz \u00e7ay al\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?)<\/p>\n <\/a> 1. Kibar ricalarda (Polite Request):<\/p>\n Would you open the door, please? ( L\u00fctfen kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7ar m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?)<\/p>\n 2. \u0130nan\u0131lamaz durumlarla ilgili sorularda (Questions indicating unbelievable situations)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n Who would make such a big mistake? (Kim bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hata yapabilir?)<\/p>\n <\/a> 1. Tavsiyelerde (Advice)<\/strong><\/p>\n You had better explain this. (Bunu a\u00e7\u0131klasan iyi olur.\u00a0)<\/p>\n 2. Uyar\u0131larda (Warn): (Onu ziyaret etmesen iyi olur. Son zamanlarda \u00e7ok sinirli.)<\/p>\n Passive Voice<\/strong><\/p>\n Passive Voice \u0130ngilizceye edilgen yap\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u0130ngilizcede aktif bir c\u00fcmleyi pasif hale yani edilgen yap\u0131 haline getirmek i\u00e7in aktif c\u00fcmlenin nesnesi bulunur ve ba\u015fa yaz\u0131l\u0131r(nesne \u00f6zne olur) ondan sonras\u0131da her tense\u2019in (zaman\u0131n) yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n – Mom made a cake. (Annem pasta yapt\u0131)<\/p>\n Burada nesne pasta yani \u201ccake\u201d kelimesi ba\u015fa ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n – A cake was made by mum. (Pasta annem taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131)<\/p>\n \u0130kinci c\u00fcmlemizde dikkat edicek olursan\u0131z \u201cby\u201d kelimesini getirdik. Bu kelimeyi pasif c\u00fcmlede kim taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yoruz. Aktif olan ilk c\u00fcmlemiz Simple Past oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe bakarak edilgen hale getiryoruz.<\/p>\n \u0130ngilizce zamanlar konusunda daha fazla bilgi almak i\u00e7in hemen t\u0131klay\u0131n: \u0130ngilizce Zamanlar<\/a><\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da her tense (zaman) i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n S + am \/ ise \/are + Ving + O<\/strong><\/p>\n – Right now, the letter\u00a0is being written<\/strong>\u00a0by Sarah. (Passive)<\/strong><\/p>\n S + am \/ ise \/are + being + V3<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n Sam\u00a0repaired\u00a0<\/strong>the car. (Active)<\/strong>S + V2 + O<\/strong>–<\/p>\n The car\u00a0was repaired<\/strong>\u00a0by Sam. (Passive)<\/strong><\/p>\n S + was \/ were + V3<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0The salesmanwas helping<\/strong>the customer when the thief came into the store. (Active)<\/strong>S + was \/ were + Ving + O<\/strong><\/p>\n – The customer\u00a0was being helped<\/strong>\u00a0by the salesman when the thief came into the store. (Passive)<\/strong><\/p>\n S + was \/ were + being + V3<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/a><\/p>\n Many touristshave visited<\/strong>that castle. (Active)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0S + have \/ has +V3 + O<\/strong><\/p>\n That castle\u00a0has been visited<\/strong>\u00a0by many tourists. (Passive)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0S + have \/ has + been + V3<\/strong><\/p>\nModals<\/h2>\n
\n
\nCAN\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nCan u open the door, please? (Kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7abilir misin?)<\/p>\n
\nWho can that be at the door? He can\u2019t be my dad. (Kap\u0131daki kim olabilir? Babam olamaz.)<\/p>\n
\nCOULD<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nMAY<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nMIGHT<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nMUST<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\nSHALL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
\nSHOULD<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nHe should get up early. (Erken kalkmas\u0131 gerekir.)<\/p>\n
\nOUGHT TO<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nMy friend works hard. He ought to be successful. (Arkada\u015f\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 laz\u0131m.)<\/p>\n
\nWILL<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nI\u2019ll not talk to you. (Seninle konu\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131m.)<\/p>\n
\nWOULD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\nHAD BETTER<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>
\nYou had better not visit him. He has been so angry recently.<\/p>\n\n
\n<\/strong>
\n– Once a week, Tomcleans<\/strong>the house. (Active)<\/strong>\u00a0S + V + O<\/strong>– Once a week, the house\u00a0is cleaned<\/strong>\u00a0by Tom. (Passive)<\/strong>\u00a0S + am \/ ise \/are + V3<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
\n– Right now, Sarahis writing<\/strong>the letter. (Active)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
\n
\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n
\n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n