{"id":8738,"date":"2019-07-01T15:19:36","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T12:19:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/?p=8738"},"modified":"2020-02-29T15:05:26","modified_gmt":"2020-02-29T12:05:26","slug":"ingilizce-hayatiataturk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/ingilizce-hayatiataturk\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ngilizce Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Hayat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130ngilizce Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Hayat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu ve ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’te do\u011fdu. T\u00fcrk milleti i\u00e7in bir Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bir lider, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve politikac\u0131yd\u0131. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk milletinin geli\u015fimine adad\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve belirledi\u011fi de\u011ferlerin izinde yapt\u0131klar\u0131yla di\u011fer milletleri de kendine hayran b\u0131rakarak gelecek nesillere \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Kalabal\u0131k bir ailesi yoktu: annesi Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m, babas\u0131 Ali R\u0131za Efendi ve k\u0131z karde\u015fi Makbule.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Atat\u00fcrk’s Life<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, the founder and the first president of the Republic of Turkey, was born in Salonika in 1881. He was not only a president for the Turks but also a farsighted leader, thinker, politician. He dedicated his life to the development of Turkish nation, the things he has done to follow the value he set by, impressed the other nations and lead the next generations. His family was not large: his mother Z\u00fcbeyde Han\u0131m, his father Ali R\u0131za Efendi and his sister Makbule. <\/span><\/p>\n

E\u011fitim Hayat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal’in e\u011fitim hayat\u0131, annesinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak dini e\u011fitim veren Mahalle Mektebi ile ba\u015flar, bir s\u00fcre e\u011fitimine burada devam ettikten sonra babas\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fi \u00fczerine Avrupa tarz\u0131 e\u011fitim veren \u015eemsi Efendi Okulu’na ge\u00e7i\u015f yapar. Ali R\u0131za Efendi’nin vefat\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mustafa’n\u0131n e\u011fitim hayat\u0131 yar\u0131da kal\u0131r ve annesi ve k\u0131z karde\u015fi ile birlikte day\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre day\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131ktan sonra Selanik’e d\u00f6ner ve Selanik M\u00fclkiye R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’nde e\u011fitimine ba\u015flar. Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar nedeniyle buradan da ayr\u0131lmak durumunda kalan Mustafa, asker olmak \u00fczere askeri okul s\u0131navlar\u0131na girer ve Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’ni kazan\u0131r. O zamana kadar ad\u0131 Mustafa’yken, matematik \u00f6\u011fretmeninin de ad\u0131 Mustafa olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00f6\u011fretmeni, ad\u0131na bir de Kemal ad\u0131n\u0131 ekler. B\u00f6ylece art\u0131k Ali R\u0131za’n\u0131n o\u011flu Mustafa de\u011fil, Mustafa Kemal’dir. Mustafa Kemal bundan sonra yolunu, askeri okullar \u00fczerinden \u00e7izer.<\/span><\/p>\n

1895 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik Askeri R\u00fc\u015ftiyesi’nden mezun olarak Manast\u0131r Askeri \u0130dadisi’ne ba\u015flar ve 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda buradakini e\u011fitimini tamamlayarak Harbiye Mektebi’ne ba\u015flar. 1902 y\u0131l\u0131nda Harbiye Mektebi’nden mezun olur ve Harp Akademisi’ne ba\u015flar. 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda Harp Akademisi’nden Kurmay Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle mezun oldu\u011funda okul hayat\u0131 sonlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Education<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal first enrolls in a religious school Mahalle Mektebi Haf\u0131z Mehmet Efendi neighborhood school at his mother’s request, after a while he continues his education in this school, he transferred to \u015eemsi Efendi School which is a modernistic school at his father’s request. Following the loss of his father, he had to drop out of the school to move in his uncle’s house with his family. After living with his uncle for a while, he returns to Salonika and enrolls in <\/span>Salonika Junior High School for Civil Servants. Because of the problems he had, he has to drop out and applies for military schools and gets accepted into Military Junior High School. Before then his name was just Mustafa after he meets a mathematics teacher named Mustafa, his teacher adds him a nickname, Kemal. Since then, his name was no longer Mustafa who is the son of Ali R\u0131za, but\u00a0 Mustafa Kemal. Later on, Mustafa Kemal’s education continues in line with military schools.<\/span><\/p>\n

He graduated the Military Preparatory School in Salonika in 1895, then enrolls in the Military High School at Manast\u0131r, after he graduated in 1899 he enrolls in the Military Academy in Istanbul. In 1902, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the Military Academy and enrolls in the General Staff College. In 1905, he completed his education life with the rank of Staff Captain.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Askeri Hayat\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrk milletinin geli\u015fimine adayan Mustafa Kemal’in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine g\u00f6re, bir millet, kendini ba\u015fka bir milletin boyundurlu\u011fu alt\u0131nda ezdirmemeliydi ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tek amac\u0131, kay\u0131ts\u0131z \u015farts\u0131z ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan; uygar, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve demokratik bir T\u00fcrk devleti kurmakt\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 cephelerde ge\u00e7iren Mustafa Kemal, e\u011fitiminin bitmesinin ard\u0131ndan ilk g\u00f6revini \u015eam’da 5. Ordu’da tamamlar. Bu s\u00fcrede Suriye’yi iyice tan\u0131r ve orduyu g\u00f6zlemleyerek ordu e\u011fitimindeki eksiklikleri yak\u0131ndan tespit etme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulur. Buradaki g\u00f6revi boyunca, arkada\u015flar\u0131yla “Vatan ve H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti”ni kurarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapar. Bir s\u00fcre sonra gizlice Selanik’e d\u00f6nerek \u0130ttihat ve Terakki ad\u0131nda Vatan ve H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti’nin bir \u015fubesini daha kurar. H\u00fck\u00fbmet taraf\u0131ndan duyulan bu durum, amirlerinin onu korumas\u0131 \u00fczerine kapan\u0131r. 20 Haziran 1907 tarihinde K\u0131demli Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckselerek \u015eam Ordusu’nun Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’nda g\u00f6reve getirilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

13 Ekim 1907’de 3. Ordu Kararg\u00e2h\u0131’na atan\u0131r ve Selanik \u015fubesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere Selanik’e gelir. 1908 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca Me\u015frutiyet’in ilan\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapar. 31 Mart 1909’da, 31 Mart \u0130htilali’nde Hareket Ordusu’nda, Kurmay Subay\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’a Genelkurmay’a atanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckselir. 9 Ocak 1912’de Trablusgarp’ta, Tobruk’ta g\u00f6rev al\u0131r. 27 Ekim 1913’te Sofya Ate\u015femiliterli\u011fi’ne atan\u0131r.\u00a0 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yarbay r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckselir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l, Tekirda\u011f’da 19. T\u00fcmen’i kurar. Yine, 1915’te, Ar\u0131burnu’nda \u0130tilaf Devletleri’ne kar\u015f\u0131 koyar, ard\u0131ndan Albayl\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckselir. 9 A\u011fustos 1915’te Anafartalar Grup Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na atan\u0131r. Anafartalar g\u00f6revinde, d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fczerinde galibiyet alarak 1916 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tu\u011fgeneral r\u00fctbesine y\u00fckselir.<\/span><\/p>\n

1917 y\u0131l\u0131nda, memleketin ve ordunun durumunu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte bir rapor haz\u0131rlar ve k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6ner. 30 Ekim 1918 Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yan Mondros Ate\u015fkesi’nin ard\u0131ndan Suriye’deki Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grup Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na atan\u0131r ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Grup Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve Mustafa Kemal tekrardan \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6ner. 30 Nisan 1919’da, Erzurum’daki 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fli\u011fi’ne atan\u0131r. 15 May\u0131s 1919’da Yunanlar\u0131n \u0130zmir’e \u00e7\u0131karma yapmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal, 19 May\u0131s’ta Band\u0131rma vapuruyla Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kar. 15 Haziran 1919’da 3. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Military Career<\/b><\/p>\n

According to the thoughts of Mustafa Kemal, who devoted his life to the development of the Turkish nation, a nation should not oppress itself under the auspices of other nations, and when he followed the thought, his one and only aim was to establish a Turkish state which is unconditionally sovereign; civilized, contemporary and democratic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, who spent his almost entire life in the army, graduated from the War Academy, thereafter he posted to Damascus in the 5th Army. During his posting, he was well acquainted with Syria and had the chance to observe closely the deficiencies in military training by observing the army. Besides, during the period, he establishes a society called “Homeland and Freedom” to work on the nation’s independence issues with his friends. After a while, he secretly returns to Salonika and establishes a new branch to Homeland and Freedom called Committee of Union and Progress. After the situation heard by the government, the attempts remain secret by the help of Mustafa Kemal’s superiors protections on him. On 20th June 1907, he was promoted to the rank of Senior Captain and appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Damascus Army.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

On 13th October 1907, he was appointed to 3rd Army and goes to Salonika. During the year of 1908, he works on the declaration of constitutionalism. On 31st March 1909, he served as Staff Officer for the Army of Action in the 31 March Incident. Afterward, he was appointed to the General Staff in 1911, he was promoted to the rank of Major. On January 9, 1912, he took charge in Tobruk, Tripoli. On October 27, 1913, he was appointed to the Sofia Attach\u00ea. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. In the same year, he established the 19th Division in Tekirda\u011f. Besides, he resisted to the Allied Powers in Ar\u0131burnu, then he was promoted to the rank of Colonel. On August 9, 1915, he was appointed to Anafartalar Group Command. In his assignment of Anafartalar, he won the rank of Brigadier General in 1916 winning over the alliances.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"In 1917, he explanatorily reported the situation of the country and the army and shortly afterward returned to Istanbul. After the Armistice of Moudros as death decree of Ottoman Empire on 30th October 1918, he was appointed to the commandership of the Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Army Group, soon afterward, the Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Army Group was abolished and Mustafa Kemal returned to Istanbul. On 30th March 1919, he was appointed to the inspectorship of 9th Army in Erzurum. After the Greeks attacked to Izmir on 15th May 1919; Mustafa Kemal landed in Samsun on 19th May. He assumed the title of inspector of the 3rd Army on 15th June.<\/span><\/p>\n

Milli M\u00fccadele<\/b><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal, milli m\u00fccadele \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken 21 – 22 Haziran 1919 tarihlerinde Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele ve Ali Fuat Cebesoy ile birlikte Amasya Genelgesi’ni ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Temmuz 1919’da askerlikten \u00e7ekilir. 23 Temmuz’da Erzurum Kongresi’ni toplar ve bir Temsil Kurulu se\u00e7erek yurdun farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6nderir. 4 – 11 Eyl\u00fcl tarihleri aras\u0131nda Sivas Kongresi toplan\u0131r. 11 Eyl\u00fcl’de Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdaafa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti Heyet Temsiliyesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na se\u00e7ilir. 22 Ekim’de Amasya Protokol\u00fc imzalan\u0131r. 7 Kas\u0131m’da Erzurum’dan milletvekili se\u00e7ilir. 20 Mart 1920’de \u0130stanbul’un \u0130tilaf Devletleri taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilmesinin ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal’in protestosu ile Ankara’da yeni bir Millet Meclisi toplama giri\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

23 Nisan 1920’de Mustafa Kemal, Ankara’da T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’ni kurdu ve 24 Nisan’da B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. Mustafa Kemal, \u0130stanbul H\u00fckumeti taraf\u0131ndan 11 May\u0131s’ta, padi\u015fah Vahdettin’in de onay\u0131yla \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zorlu ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemleri, zorlu ancak ba\u015far\u0131 getiren sava\u015flar ve \u00f6nemli kararlar takip etti. Sava\u015flarda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131lardan dolay\u0131 Mustafa Kemal’e Mare\u015fallik r\u00fctbesinin yan\u0131nda Gazi \u00fcnvan\u0131 verildi. 29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet ilan edildi ve Gazi Mustafa Kemal, ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu. Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyunca sadece askeri de\u011fil, toplumsal sorunlara ve ihtiya\u00e7lara da de\u011finerek toplumsal normlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde modern bir toplum olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Soyad\u0131 kanunun gelmesiyle Mustafa Kemal’e “T\u00fcrklerin atas\u0131” anlam\u0131na gelen “Atat\u00fcrk” soyad\u0131 verildi. 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1938’de vasiyetnamesini yazd\u0131 ve tarih 10 Kas\u0131m 1938’i g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde, saat 09:05’te Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131’nda hayata veda etti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkish War of Independence<\/b><\/p>\n

During the preparation process of the Turkish War of Independence, Mustafa Kemal and his friends Rauf Orbay, Refet Bele and Ali Fuat Cebesoy discussed Amasya Circular between the dates 21st and 22nd June 1919. On July 1919, he withdrew his military service. On July 23, he convened the Erzurum Congress and elects a Representative Board to assign them around the country. Sivas Congress convened between the dates from the 4 to 11 September. On September 11, he was elected as the Head of the Delegation of the Anatolian and Rumeli Defense of Rights Association Delegation. Amasya Protocol was signed on 22 October. On November 7, he was elected as a member of parliament from Erzurum. Following the conquest of Istanbul by the Allied Powers on 20 March 1920, Mustafa Kemal’s protest attempted to convene a new National Assembly in Ankara.<\/span><\/p>\n

On 23rd April 1920, Mustafa Kemal found the Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara and he appointed Commander-in-Chief by the Grand National Assembly. Mustafa Kemal is condemned to death by Istanbul Government with the consent of Sultan Vahdettin on 11st May.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A series of challenging but full of victorious battles and vital decisions followed the torrid period. Mustafa Kemal was given the title of Gazi beside the rank of Marshal due to his success in battles. On October 29, 1923, the Republic was proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal became the first President. During his Presidency, he aimed to create a modern society within the framework of social norms by addressing not only military but also social problems and needs. With the surname law, Mustafa Kemal was given the surname “Atat\u00fcrk” which means “the ancestor of the Turks”. On the 15th September 1938, he wrote his testament and he died in Dolmabah\u00e7e Palace when the date was 10th November 1938 at 09:05 o’clock.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130ngilizce Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn Hayat\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucusu ve ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’te do\u011fdu. T\u00fcrk milleti i\u00e7in bir Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc bir lider, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve politikac\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2384],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ingilizce-hayati"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8738\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.konusarakogren.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}